Hexavalent Chromium Removal via Photoreduction by Sunlight on Titanium–Dioxide Nanotubes Formed by Anodization with a Fluorinated Glycerol–Water Electrolyte

In this paper, titanium–dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (TNTs) are formed by anodic oxidation with a fluorinated glycerol–water (85% and 15%, respectively) electrolyte to examine the effect of fluoride ion concentration, time, applied voltage on TNT morphologies dimensions. For surface etching increases when amount ammonium added solution increases, forming nanotube arrays clear pore structure. At constant 20 V, TNTs an average length ~2 µm obtained after anodization for 180 min. A prolonged time only results in marginal increment. The diameter is dependent from approximately 30 nm at 10 V 310 60 V. 80 structure destroyed. min annealed induce TiO2 anatase phase either air or nitrogen. When ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as hole scavenger, 100% hexavalent chromium removal 120 sunlight exposure nitrogen-annealed TNTs.